The neural effects of music on anxiety: a rapid review with implications for music therapy practice

Abstract

The use of music as a therapeutic tool for reducing anxiety has been extensively studied. This rapid review includes forty studies that provide neural evidence for the effects of music on anxiety-related brain structures, specifically the amygdala, hippocampus, and insula. The results indicate that to relieve anxiety, music therapists can tailor their musical selection to the client's preferences, focus on music with a steady rhythm to engage the clients, ensure musical continuity and integrity for each session, utilize instrumental improvisation to shift clients' perspectives, avoid dissonant and unexpected sounds when incorporating voices, and combine music with physical exercise.