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The Impact of Probe Difficulty Variation on Brief Experimental Analysis of Reading SkillsThe impact of variation in probe difficulty on the ability to replicate results in brief experimental analysis (BEA) of reading was examined. In the first phase of the study, 41 first- and second- grade students completed 16 reading probes. Calculations of probe difficulty were used to identify Low and High Variability probe sets. In the second phase of the study, 40 second- through fifth-grade students’ performance on two reading interventions was compared in a BEA-like task. The best-performing intervention was unlikely to be replicated on either probe set (i.e., for only 43% of students); rather, the best determinant of intervention replication was each students’ average difference in performance across the two interventions. The best-performing intervention was more likely to be replicated (i.e., 60% of students) when averages of two trials per intervention were compared. These results are discussed in the context of developing rules for determining the best-performing intervention in academic BEA.
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Generalizability Theory Analysis of CBM Maze Reliability in Third- Through Fifth-Grade StudentsDespite growing use of CBM maze in universal screening and research, little information is available regarding the number of CBM maze probes needed for reliable decisions. The current study extends existing research on the technical adequacy of CBM maze by investigating the number of probes and assessment durations (1-3 minutes) needed for reliable relative (e.g., rank-ordering students) and absolute (e.g., comparing a specific score to a cutoff) decisions. Nine CBM maze probes were administered to 272 students in third through fifth grades. Results suggested that the number of probes needed for reliable relative and absolute decisions varied by grade, with assessments in fifth grade exhibiting the highest reliability (at least two probes needed for both types of decisions). In addition, declining gains in reliability appeared to occur as assessment duration increased. Implications of the findings for universal screening and future research are discussed.
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Self-Directed Video Prompting and Least to-Most Prompting: Examining Ways of Increasing Vocational Skill Acquisition Among Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual DisabilityObjective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of point-of-view video prompting (VP) as a self-prompting strategy with a least-to-most prompting (LMP) system on the rapidity of skill acquisition of two students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and two students with intellectual disability (ID) when working on school-based vocational tasks. Methods: We used multiple probes across students design of single-case experimental methodology to examine whether or not causal relation existed between the intervention and students’ vocational skill acquisition and follow-up performance. Target tasks involved both process and basic functional mathematics steps that required students to pay attention to the process of task completion rather than the functional step itself. Results: All students showed immediate and considerable improvement in skill acquisition between baseline and intervention. Furthermore, all students completed the tasks with an average of over 90% accuracy once the LMP was removed. The four students in this study required two to six intervention trials to reach 100% accuracy without the use of LMP, with a mean of four trials. Tau-U effect size showed a strong effect of the intervention on skill acquisition and follow-up performance. Conclusions: VP and LMP as a combined intervention can be effective in teaching vocational tasks that involve process steps to students with both ASD and ID. VP can be a useful support for students with ASD and ID in school, community, and employment settings to decrease reliance on adult prompting and increase independence.
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Letter to the editor: changing to a person-centered approach when referring to substance use clientsDear Editor, The substance use field is moving away from the word addict and towards a more person-centered approach by using the term substance user. Addressing the use of the term ‘addict’ is important as it is stigmatizing towards the clients seeking support. This is challenging for academics and treatment providers to adjust the language they use. While some clients incorporate “old-school terminology such as addict/alcoholic” (Hassett- Walker, 2023) into their recovery journey, as professionals it is our responsibility to use professional language and avoid such labels. Research collected from participants of 12-Step Meetings by Hassett-Walker (2023) identified some individuals in recovery may choose to self-identify with the term ‘addict’ or ‘alcoholic’. While these findings provide a voice to the individuals in recovery, using first-person language places emphasis on the client/patient rather than their disorder (Dawkins & Daum, 2022). An example of using appropriate first-person language is a “person with a substance use disorder”. The National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA] (2021) provides guidelines on how the professional community can change the stigma associated with people affected by substance use/abuse disorders. NIDA recommends when professionals talk with or about a client affected by a substance use disorder, they use first-person language as it separates the person from their disorder, it recognizes the client is more than just their diagnosis (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2021). A study conducted by van Boekel, Brouwers, van Weeghel and Garretsen (2013) identified that health care professionals often have negative attitudes towards clients with substance use issues. Moreover, those attitudes are recognized and internalized by clients, and it adversely affects their trust in the practitioner and reduces their sense of hope and recovery. Professionals in healthcare, human services, psychology, social work, and addiction treatment actively work to change terminology and use language that positively supports clients.
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Letter to the editor: best practices in treating substance use and eating disordersFor counselors to be able to properly support a client with a substance-use disorder as well as an eating disorder, they must be properly trained in evidence based best practices designed to support these diagnoses.
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The impact of corporate characteristics on climate governance disclosureThis study examines the impact of corporate characteristics on climate change governance among 100 of the world’s largest companies, with 1400 observations in the fiscal year 2020. We consider variables such as company location, size, profitability, female board representation, years of reporting using Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) guidelines, the inclusion of UN Global Compact and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) information, Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) membership, MSCI ESG ratings, and the presence of a climate transition plan, a sustainability executive, and a sustainability board committee. Applying a multi-theoretical framework, we employ correlation analysis and univariate and multiple linear regressions to assess the relationships. Our findings reveal positive correlations between climate governance and the presence of a climate transition plan, MSCI ratings, DJSI membership, and the existence of a sustainability executive. Additionally, companies located in developed countries exhibit significantly higher levels of climate change governance. These results hold across various scenarios, offering valuable insights for researchers, academics, business leaders, practitioners, and regulators. With the growing importance of climate change reporting, understanding the key contributing factors for effective climate governance is crucial for organizations seeking to address this critical issue.
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Navigating and Hybridizing Interpretive Claim-Making Across Discursive CommunitiesIn order to better understand how the full range of students’ semiotic resources may be marshalled for learning, we analyze the role of interpretive claim-making across fandom and disciplinary communities. Using a framework of syncretic literacies with a focus on navigation, we analyze data from a series of writing conferences in a U.S.-based, fandoms-themed English course serving diverse high school students. Our analysis attends to shifts in convergent and divergent intersubjectivity to trace students’ navigation of interpretive practices as they talked with their peers and their instructor. Discursive claims emerged as an important tool functioning differently across these interactions. Specifically, the claim-making practices of one focal student demonstrate an emerging understanding of the distinctly different functions that claims serve as tools for navigating between, and hybridizing, discursive communities. Our findings highlight the importance of using discourse to analyze the presence of multiple or conflicting discursive practices, and designing learning environments in ways that support students’ use of hybrid discursive tools.
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Tourist brides and migrant grooms: Cuban–Danish couples and family reunification policiesAs a development strategy mass tourism often precipitates social changes, expected and unexpected. Emigration through marriage may seem to be an unlikely by-product of the expanding tourist industry in Cuba, but the increasing number of Cubans emigrating through marriage to a foreign partner has paralleled the influx of tourists since the mid-1990’s. This article explores how gender dynamics in the Cuban tourist milieu intersect with gendered underpinnings of family reunification policies in Denmark by focusing on the marriage migration pattern of Cuban grooms with Nordic brides. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Denmark among Cuban marriage migrants and their spouses, the study shows a cross-border migration pattern shaped by multiple factors including global economic asymmetries, the eroticization of Cuban culture in the tourism industry, and the gender egalitarian welfare state of Denmark.
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Moral boundaries and national borders: Cuban marriage migration to DenmarkThe discussion of marriage migration in Denmark primarily has focused on citizens of immigrant descent (“New Danes”) who marry partners from their ancestral homeland (often Turkey or Pakistan). This type of marriage migration was the target of the strict Danish family reunification policy instituted in 2002. This paper examines the genealogy of the morality underpinning the family reunification policies and asks whether the rules actually promote this moral agenda or have unintended consequences. Empirically, I shift the focus from immigrant Danes to native Danes who marry Cubans. Finally, while little attention is paid to the non-western country involved, transnational marriages always involve two nations. This paper investigates how state policies on both ends of this migration trajectory shape moral-territorial borders that transnational couples navigate.
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Intimate Contradictions: Comparing the Impact of Danish Family Unification Laws on Pakistani and Cuban Marriage MigrantsThe Danish family unification policies are based on an underlying moral agenda rooted in the idea of emotional, intimate, love-based marriages as the basis of the modern nation state. This paper questions the efficacy of this moral agenda by examining the unintended consequences and false dichotomies that emerge with the implementation of the legislation, particularly focusing on kin relations and individual autonomy. Empirically, the article compares how the legislation affects both the intended targets (intra-ethnic marriages among Danes of immigrant descent) and the unintended targets (ethnic Danes who marry non-European spouses, namely, Cubans). This comparative perspective highlights the cracks in the moral agenda of the state’s efforts to shape family formation and, ultimately, the contradictions of attempting to promote ‘modernity’ over ‘tradition’.
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The ABCs of CPL: How to simplify the very complex concept of credit for prior learningHow can the workbook help you? Credit for Prior Learning (CPL) has been demonstrated as an effective tool in increasing student engagement in the learning process and student degree completion. This self-guided workbook was developed to address the most frequently asked questions about CPL. The workbook allows students to reflect upon essential factors before enrolling in a degree program at a college or university. It can also assist students in assessing their knowledge and determining their ability to complete learning and obtain college-level credits within a particular area. It answers common questions about CPL and considers the advantages and obstacles students may face in this process. This workbook was also designed to help administrators, faculty members, and professional staff understand the value and importance of CPL. The workbook will help them explore existing areas for creating opportunities for students to access CPL and reflect on essential considerations when integrating this policy at their institution. The purpose of this workbook is to create a more equitable and transparent path toward CPL for any students interested in pursuing at any institution.
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Exploring Pathways to Purpose in ScoutsYouth purpose was investigated using a two-phase embedded design with youth participating in Scouts BSA (N=3,943), ages 9–20 (M=14.0, SD=1.9). Participating Scouts were mostly White (91%) and male (98%). In Phase 1, we conducted a two-step cluster analysis on Scouts’ survey responses to three purpose dimensions (personal meaning, goal-directedness, beyondthe-self orientation). Four clusters emerged: Purposeful, Explorers, Dreamers, Nonpurposeful. In Phase 2, we explored qualities of purpose within each cluster and programmatic features and relationships within the scouting context fostering youth purpose with a Scout subsample (N=30) who completed semi-structured interviews. Results demonstrated that adults supporting scouting, inspiration from older peers, and opportunities to help others and explore new activities supported youth purpose.
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The impact of employment on treatment completion rates with DWI offendersDrivers under the influence of alcohol cause nearly one third of all fatal motor vehicle accidents. Ambulatory outpatient alcohol use disorder treatment has been clinically shown to increase abstinence, which could decrease the chance of subsequent DWI offences. Aiding clients in successful completion of this treatment is imperative to lower the recidivism rates of DWI offenses. The research question focused on if employment status can predict successful outpatient treatment completion in court mandated adults. The TEDS-D archival data set was used, consisting of data collected between 2006—2011 from federally funded substance abuse treatment centers throughout the USA. The variables of treatment level, gender, employment status, and age were used as controls. A logistic regression using a random sample of 4,947 participants determined employment status was significant. The variable of age was also a significant predictor of treatment completion. Court and treatment agencies can use this information to offer more employment support to increase chances of treatment completion.
