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dc.contributor.authorRoca, Alfred L
dc.contributor.authorIshida, Yasuko
dc.contributor.authorNikolaidis, Nikolas
dc.contributor.authorKolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis
dc.contributor.authorFratpietro, Stephen
dc.contributor.authorStewardson, Kristin
dc.contributor.authorHensley, Shannon
dc.contributor.authorTisdale, Michele
dc.contributor.authorBoeskorov, Gennady
dc.contributor.authorGreenwood, Alex D
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-12T16:16:07Z
dc.date.available2022-09-12T16:16:07Z
dc.date.issued2009
dc.identifier.citationRoca AL, Ishida Y, Nikolaidis N, Kolokotronis SO, Fratpietro S, Stewardson K, Hensley S, Tisdale M, Boeskorov G, Greenwood AD. Genetic variation at hair length candidate genes in elephants and the extinct woolly mammoth. BMC Evol Biol. 2009 Sep 11;9:232. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-232. PMID: 19747392; PMCID: PMC2754481.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1471-2148
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/1471-2148-9-232
dc.identifier.pmid19747392
dc.identifier.pii1471-2148-9-232
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/7548
dc.description.abstractBackground: Like humans, the living elephants are unusual among mammals in being sparsely covered with hair. Relative to extant elephants, the extinct woolly mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius, had a dense hair cover and extremely long hair, which likely were adaptations to its subarctic habitat. The fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) gene affects hair length in a diverse set of mammalian species. Mutations in FGF5 lead to recessive long hair phenotypes in mice, dogs, and cats; and the gene has been implicated in hair length variation in rabbits. Thus, FGF5 represents a leading candidate gene for the phenotypic differences in hair length notable between extant elephants and the woolly mammoth. We therefore sequenced the three exons (except for the 3' UTR) and a portion of the promoter of FGF5 from the living elephantid species (Asian, African savanna and African forest elephants) and, using protocols for ancient DNA, from a woolly mammoth. Results: Between the extant elephants and the mammoth, two single base substitutions were observed in FGF5, neither of which alters the amino acid sequence. Modeling of the protein structure suggests that the elephantid proteins fold similarly to the human FGF5 protein. Bioinformatics analyses and DNA sequencing of another locus that has been implicated in hair cover in humans, type I hair keratin pseudogene (KRTHAP1), also yielded negative results. Interestingly, KRTHAP1 is a pseudogene in elephantids as in humans (although fully functional in non-human primates). Conclusion: The data suggest that the coding sequence of the FGF5 gene is not the critical determinant of hair length differences among elephantids. The results are discussed in the context of hairlessness among mammals and in terms of the potential impact of large body size, subarctic conditions, and an aquatic ancestor on hair cover in the Proboscidea.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringer Science and Business Media LLCen_US
dc.relation.urlhttps://bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-9-232en_US
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematicsen_US
dc.titleGenetic variation at hair length candidate genes in elephants and the extinct woolly mammothen_US
dc.typeArticle/Reviewen_US
dc.source.journaltitleBMC Evolutionary Biologyen_US
dc.source.volume9
dc.source.issue1
dc.source.beginpage232
dc.description.versionVoRen_US
refterms.dateFOA2022-09-12T16:16:08Z
dc.description.institutionSUNY Downstateen_US
dc.description.departmentEpidemiology and Biostatisticsen_US
dc.description.degreelevelN/Aen_US


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Attribution 4.0 International
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution 4.0 International