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dc.contributor.authorIshida, Yasuko
dc.contributor.authorOleksyk, Taras K.
dc.contributor.authorGeorgiadis, Nicholas J.
dc.contributor.authorDavid, Victor A.
dc.contributor.authorZhao, Kai
dc.contributor.authorStephens, Robert M.
dc.contributor.authorKolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis
dc.contributor.authorRoca, Alfred L.
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-01T16:50:08Z
dc.date.available2022-09-01T16:50:08Z
dc.date.issued2011-06-08
dc.identifier.citationIshida Y, Oleksyk TK, Georgiadis NJ, David VA, Zhao K, Stephens RM, Kolokotronis SO, Roca AL. Reconciling apparent conflicts between mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies in African elephants. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e20642. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020642. Epub 2011 Jun 8. PMID: 21701575; PMCID: PMC3110795.en_US
dc.identifier.eissn1932-6203
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0020642
dc.identifier.pmid21701575
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/7526
dc.description.abstractConservation strategies for African elephants would be advanced by resolution of conflicting claims that they comprise one, two, three or four taxonomic groups, and by development of genetic markers that establish more incisively the provenance of confiscated ivory. We addressed these related issues by genotyping 555 elephants from across Africa with microsatellite markers, developing a method to identify those loci most effective at geographic assignment of elephants (or their ivory), and conducting novel analyses of continent-wide datasets of mitochondrial DNA. Results showed that nuclear genetic diversity was partitioned into two clusters, corresponding to African forest elephants (99.5% Cluster-1) and African savanna elephants (99.4% Cluster-2). Hybrid individuals were rare. In a comparison of basal forest "F" and savanna "S" mtDNA clade distributions to nuclear DNA partitions, forest elephant nuclear genotypes occurred only in populations in which S clade mtDNA was absent, suggesting that nuclear partitioning corresponds to the presence or absence of S clade mtDNA. We reanalyzed African elephant mtDNA sequences from 81 locales spanning the continent and discovered that S clade mtDNA was completely absent among elephants at all 30 sampled tropical forest locales. The distribution of savanna nuclear DNA and S clade mtDNA corresponded closely to range boundaries traditionally ascribed to the savanna elephant species based on habitat and morphology. Further, a reanalysis of nuclear genetic assignment results suggested that West African elephants do not comprise a distinct third species. Finally, we show that some DNA markers will be more useful than others for determining the geographic origins of illegal ivory. These findings resolve the apparent incongruence between mtDNA and nuclear genetic patterns that has confounded the taxonomy of African elephants, affirm the limitations of using mtDNA patterns to infer elephant systematics or population structure, and strongly support the existence of two elephant species in Africa.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherPublic Library of Science (PLoS)en_US
dc.relation.urlhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0020642en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
dc.subjectMultidisciplinaryen_US
dc.titleReconciling Apparent Conflicts between Mitochondrial and Nuclear Phylogenies in African Elephantsen_US
dc.typeArticle/Reviewen_US
dc.source.journaltitlePLoS ONEen_US
dc.source.volume6
dc.source.issue6
dc.source.beginpagee20642
dc.description.versionVoRen_US
refterms.dateFOA2022-09-01T16:50:09Z
dc.description.institutionSUNY Downstateen_US
dc.description.departmentEpidemiology and Biostatisticsen_US
dc.description.degreelevelN/Aen_US


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