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dc.contributor.authorNelson, Chase W
dc.contributor.authorSibley, Samuel D
dc.contributor.authorKolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis
dc.contributor.authorHamer, Gabriel L
dc.contributor.authorNewman, Christina M
dc.contributor.authorAnderson, Tavis K
dc.contributor.authorWalker, Edward D
dc.contributor.authorKitron, Uriel D
dc.contributor.authorBrawn, Jeffrey D
dc.contributor.authorRuiz, Marilyn O
dc.contributor.authorGoldberg, Tony L
dc.date.accessioned2022-08-23T18:37:26Z
dc.date.available2022-08-23T18:37:26Z
dc.date.issued2018-06-12
dc.identifier.citationNelson CW, Sibley SD, Kolokotronis SO, Hamer GL, Newman CM, Anderson TK, Walker ED, Kitron UD, Brawn JD, Ruiz MO, Goldberg TL. Selective constraint and adaptive potential of West Nile virus within and among naturally infected avian hosts and mosquito vectors. Virus Evol. 2018 Jun 12;4(1):vey013. doi: 10.1093/ve/vey013. PMID: 29942654; PMCID: PMC6007309.en_US
dc.identifier.eissn2057-1577
dc.identifier.doi10.1093/ve/vey013
dc.identifier.pmid29942654
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/7488
dc.description.abstractArthropod-borne viruses are among the most genetically constrained RNA viruses, yet they have a remarkable propensity to adapt and emerge. We studied wild birds and mosquitoes naturally infected with West Nile virus (WNV) in a 'hot spot' of virus transmission in Chicago, IL, USA. We generated full coding WNV genome sequences from spatiotemporally matched bird and mosquito samples using high-throughput sequencing, allowing a molecular evolutionary assessment with deep coverage. Mean FST among samples was 0.66 (±0.02 SE) and was bimodal, with mean nucleotide diversity being higher between samples (interhost πN = 0.001; πS = 0.024) than within them (intrahost πN < 0.0001; πS < 0.001). Eight genomic sites with FST > 1.01 (in the PrM, NS2a, NS3, NS4b, and 5'-noncoding genomic regions) showed bird versus mosquito variant frequency differences of >30 per cent and/or polymorphisms fixed in ≥5 host or vector individuals, suggesting host tropism for these variants. However, phylogenetic analyses demonstrated a lack of grouping by bird or mosquito, most inter-sample differences were synonymous (mean interhost πN/πS = 0.04), and there was no significant difference between hosts and vectors in either their nucleotide diversities or levels of purifying selection (mean intrahost πN/πS = 0.28 in birds and πN/πS = 0.21 in mosquitoes). This finding contrasts with the 'trade-off' and 'selective sieve' hypotheses that have been proposed and tested in the laboratory, which predict strong host versus vector effects on WNV genetic variation, with heightened selective constraint in birds alternating with heightened viral diversity in mosquitoes. Overall, our data show WNV to be highly selectively constrained within and between both hosts and vectors but still able to vary at a limited number of sites across the genome. Such site-specific plasticity in the face of overall selective constraint may offer a mechanism whereby highly constrained viruses such as WNV and its relatives can still adapt and emerge.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Science Foundation Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseaseen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherOxford University Press (OUP)en_US
dc.relation.urlhttps://academic.oup.com/ve/article/4/1/vey013/5037026en_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/*
dc.subjectVirologyen_US
dc.subjectMicrobiologyen_US
dc.subjectWest Nile virusen_US
dc.subjectadaptationen_US
dc.subjectarbovirusen_US
dc.subjectdeep sequencingen_US
dc.subjectflavivirusen_US
dc.subjecthosten_US
dc.subjecthost/pathogenen_US
dc.subjectmolecular evolutionen_US
dc.subjectnatural infectionen_US
dc.subjectnatural selectionen_US
dc.subjectnonsynonymousen_US
dc.subjectnucleotide diversityen_US
dc.subjectpopulation geneticsen_US
dc.subjectsynonymousen_US
dc.subjectvectoren_US
dc.titleSelective constraint and adaptive potential of West Nile virus within and among naturally infected avian hosts and mosquito vectorsen_US
dc.typeArticle/Reviewen_US
dc.source.journaltitleVirus Evolutionen_US
dc.source.volume4
dc.source.issue1
dc.description.versionVoRen_US
refterms.dateFOA2022-08-23T18:37:26Z
dc.description.institutionSUNY Downstateen_US
dc.description.departmentEpidemiology and Biostatisticsen_US
dc.description.degreelevelN/Aen_US


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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International