Selective constraint and adaptive potential of West Nile virus within and among naturally infected avian hosts and mosquito vectors
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Author
Nelson, Chase WSibley, Samuel D
Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis
Hamer, Gabriel L
Newman, Christina M
Anderson, Tavis K
Walker, Edward D
Kitron, Uriel D
Brawn, Jeffrey D
Ruiz, Marilyn O
Goldberg, Tony L
Keyword
VirologyMicrobiology
West Nile virus
adaptation
arbovirus
deep sequencing
flavivirus
host
host/pathogen
molecular evolution
natural infection
natural selection
nonsynonymous
nucleotide diversity
population genetics
synonymous
vector
Journal title
Virus EvolutionDate Published
2018-06-12Publication Volume
4Publication Issue
1
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Arthropod-borne viruses are among the most genetically constrained RNA viruses, yet they have a remarkable propensity to adapt and emerge. We studied wild birds and mosquitoes naturally infected with West Nile virus (WNV) in a 'hot spot' of virus transmission in Chicago, IL, USA. We generated full coding WNV genome sequences from spatiotemporally matched bird and mosquito samples using high-throughput sequencing, allowing a molecular evolutionary assessment with deep coverage. Mean FST among samples was 0.66 (±0.02 SE) and was bimodal, with mean nucleotide diversity being higher between samples (interhost πN = 0.001; πS = 0.024) than within them (intrahost πN < 0.0001; πS < 0.001). Eight genomic sites with FST > 1.01 (in the PrM, NS2a, NS3, NS4b, and 5'-noncoding genomic regions) showed bird versus mosquito variant frequency differences of >30 per cent and/or polymorphisms fixed in ≥5 host or vector individuals, suggesting host tropism for these variants. However, phylogenetic analyses demonstrated a lack of grouping by bird or mosquito, most inter-sample differences were synonymous (mean interhost πN/πS = 0.04), and there was no significant difference between hosts and vectors in either their nucleotide diversities or levels of purifying selection (mean intrahost πN/πS = 0.28 in birds and πN/πS = 0.21 in mosquitoes). This finding contrasts with the 'trade-off' and 'selective sieve' hypotheses that have been proposed and tested in the laboratory, which predict strong host versus vector effects on WNV genetic variation, with heightened selective constraint in birds alternating with heightened viral diversity in mosquitoes. Overall, our data show WNV to be highly selectively constrained within and between both hosts and vectors but still able to vary at a limited number of sites across the genome. Such site-specific plasticity in the face of overall selective constraint may offer a mechanism whereby highly constrained viruses such as WNV and its relatives can still adapt and emerge.Citation
Nelson CW, Sibley SD, Kolokotronis SO, Hamer GL, Newman CM, Anderson TK, Walker ED, Kitron UD, Brawn JD, Ruiz MO, Goldberg TL. Selective constraint and adaptive potential of West Nile virus within and among naturally infected avian hosts and mosquito vectors. Virus Evol. 2018 Jun 12;4(1):vey013. doi: 10.1093/ve/vey013. PMID: 29942654; PMCID: PMC6007309.DOI
10.1093/ve/vey013ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1093/ve/vey013
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- Creative Commons
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
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