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    Interval Estimation of Some Epidemiological Measures of Association

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    Author
    Zaihra, Tasneem
    Paul, Sudhir
    Keyword
    Clustered Data
    Epidemiological Studies
    Association
    Journal title
    The International Journal of Biostatistics
    Date Published
    2010-10-01
    Publication Volume
    6
    Publication Issue
    1
    
    Metadata
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    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2604
    Abstract
    In epidemiological cohort studies, the probability of developing a disease for individuals in a treatment/intervention group is compared with that of a control group. The groups involve varying cluster sizes, and the binary responses within each cluster cannot be assumed independently. Three major measures of association used to report the efficacy of treatments or effectiveness of public health intervention programs in case of prospective studies are Risk Difference (RD), Risk Ratio (RR) and Relative Risk Difference (RED). The preference of one measure of association over the other in drawing statistical inference depends on design of study. Lui (2004) discusses a number of methods of constructing confidence intervals for each of these measures. Specifically, Lui (2004) discusses four methods for RD, four methods for RR and three methods for RED. For the construction of confidence intervals for RD, Paul and Zaihra (2008) compare the four methods discussed by Lui (2004), using extensive simulations with a method based on an estimator of the variance of a ratio estimator by Cochran (1977) and a method based on a sandwich estimator of the variance of the regression estimator using the generalized estimating equations approach of Zeger and Liang (1986). Paul and Zaihra (2008) conclude that the method based on an estimate of the variance of a ratio estimator performs best overall. In this paper, we extend the two new methodologies introduced in Paul and Zaihra (2008) to confidence interval construction of the risk measures RR and RED. Extensive simulations show that the method based on an estimate of the variance of a ratio estimator performs best overall for constructing confidence interval for the other two risk measures RR and RED as well. This method involves a very simple variance expression which can be implemented with a very few computer codes. Therefore, it can be considered as an easily implementable alternative for all the three measures of association.
    Citation
    Zaihra, Tasneem and Paul, Sudhir (2010) "Interval Estimation of Some Epidemiological Measures of Association," The International Journal of Biostatistics: Vol. 6: Iss. 1, Article 35. DOI: 10.2202/1557-4679.1177
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.2202/1557-4679.1177
    Description
    Published article available online: http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijb.2010.6.1/ijb.2010.6.1.1177/ijb.2010.6.1.1177
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    https://doi.org/10.2202/1557-4679.1177
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    Mathematics Faculty Publications

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