Balance in Adolescents with and without Visual Impairments

Abstract

Research has found balance to be significantly delayed in children and adolescents with visual impairments in comparison to their sighted peers, but the relationship between balance self-efficacy and actual balance is unknown. This study examined dynamic and static balance and balance self-efficacy in adolescents who are blind (B) and have low vision (LV); the role of visual experience upon balance; sighted (S) and sighted blindfolded (SB); and experience with vision (SB compared to LV and B); and the relationship between perceived and actual balance. The results revealed that the degree of impairment (Lv compared to B)and experience with vision (SB compared to LV and B)were significant factors in many of the balance assessments, but not the balance self-efficacy ratings. Main effects for self-efficacy ratings and significant correlations for self-efficacy and balance measurements were found for only a few of the more difficult tasks. In conclusion, it is important to examine both motor performance and self-efficacy in adolescents with visual impairments on a variety of familiar tasks and contexts to gain a thorough understanding of the individual's balance. This information is essential when developing appropriate and effective balance interventions for adolescents with visual impairments.