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    A Sault-outlet-referenced mid- to late-Holocene paleohydrograph for Lake Superior constructed from strandplains of beach ridges

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    Author
    Johnson, John W.
    Thompson, Todd A.
    Lepper, K.
    Wilcox, Douglas A.
    Forman, S. L.
    Johnston, John W.
    Argyilan, Erin P.
    Baedke, Steve J.
    Journal title
    Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
    Date Published
    2012-10-01
    Publication Volume
    49
    Publication Issue
    11
    
    Metadata
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    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2347
    Abstract
    The most detailed Lake Superior paleohydrograph relative to the current outlet near Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario–Michigan, was constructed from four strandplains of beach ridges. This provides a history of water-level, glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), and the active outlet prior to monitoring and regulation. Four relative paleohydrographs that are offset and subparallel owing to differences in GIA were produced from 321 basal foreshore elevations and 56 optically stimulated luminescence ages. Subtracting modeled elevations in defined millennial lake phases between relative paleohydrographs and similarity between an inferred Sault Ste. Marie (hereinafter, Sault) paleohydrograph and data near the zero isobase corroborates rates of GIA derived from water-level gauges. A change in trend in the Sault paleohydrograph is related to the final separation of Lake Superior from Lakes Michigan and Huron and is the youngest age reported at 1060 +/- 100 years. A near-horizontal trend in the Sault paleohydrograph for the past millennium has an intercept that is close to the historical average for Lake Superior. A consistently linear trend from about 2 to 1 ka suggests a relatively stable outlet similar to the past millennium, but a decreasing trend from 3 to 1 ka suggests an outlet other than the Sault. Although intercept data beyond the last millennium are similar in elevation to the reported bedrock sill near Chicago (Hansel et al. 1985), we argue that the Port–Huron outlet was the active outlet during this time and the inferred paleohydrograph of Baedke and Thompson (2000) requires reevaluation.
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1139/e2012-057#.XsLLvxpKgdU
    Description
    'Reprinted with permission. © 2012 Canadian Science Publishing or its licensors'.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full/10.1139/e2012-057#.XsLLvxpKgdU
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    https://doi.org/10.1139/e2012-057#.XsLLvxpKgdU
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    Environmental Science and Ecology Faculty Publications

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