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    Interactions Between Ground Water and Wetlands, Southern Shore of Lake Michigan, USA

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    Author
    Shedlock, Robert J.
    Wilcox, Douglas A.
    Thompson, Todd A.
    Cohen, David A.
    Keyword
    Great Lakes
    Groundwater
    Wetland
    Cowles Bog
    Lake Michigan
    Journal title
    Journal of Hydrology
    Date Published
    1993-01-01
    Publication Volume
    141
    
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    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2317
    Abstract
    Wetlands between, and within, dune-beach complexes along the south shore of Lake Michigan are strongly affected by ground water. The hydrogeology of the glacial drift aquifer system in a 26 km2 area was investigated to determine the effects of ground water on the hydrology and hydrochemistry of Cowles Bog and its adjacent wetlands. The investigation showed that ground water from intermediate- and regional-scale flow systems discharges to Cowles Bog from confined aquifers that underlie the wetland. These flow systems are recharged in moraines south of the dune- beach complexes. Water from the confined aquifers discharges into the surficial aquifer mainly by upward leakage through a buried till sheet that serves as the confining layer. However, the till sheet is breached below a raised peat mound in Cowles Bog, allowing direct upward discharge from the confined aquifer into the surficial sand, marl, and peat. The shallow ground and wetland water in the area influenced by this leakage is a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type, with low tritium concentrations consistent with mixing of older ground water and more recent precipitation. Ground water and wetland water from surrounding areas are less mineralized and have higher tritium concentrations characteristic of precipitation in the late 1970s. The results of this study suggest that wetlands in complex hydrogeologic settings may be influenced by multiple ground-water flow systems that are affected by geomorphic features, stratigraphic discontinuities, and changes in sediment types. Discharge and recharge zones may both occur in the same wetland. Multidisciplinary studies incorporating hydrological, hydrochemical, geophysical, and sedimentological data are necessary to identify such complexities in wetland hydrology.
    Description
    Authors were government employers of the following agencies: U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service
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    Environmental Science and Ecology Faculty Publications

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