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    Promoting Species Establishment in a Phragmites-dominated Great Lakes Coastal Wetland

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    Author
    Carlson, Martha L.
    Kowalski, Kurt P.
    Wilcox, Douglas A.
    Keyword
    Control
    Diversity
    Invasive Plants
    Phragmites Australis
    Wetlands
    SWRA
    Journal title
    Natural Areas Journal
    Date Published
    2009-01-01
    Publication Volume
    29
    Publication Issue
    3
    
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    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2314
    Abstract
    This study examined efforts to promote species establishment and maintain diversity in a Phragmites-dominated wetland where primary control measures were underway. A treatment experiment was performed at Crane Creek, a drowned-river-mouth wetland in Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge along the shore of western Lake Erie. Following initial aerial spraying of Phragmites with glyphosate, this study tested combinations of cutting, raking, and additional hand spraying of Phragmites with glyphosate as methods to promote growth of other wetland species and increase plant diversity. Percent-cover vegetation data were collected in permanent plots before and after treatments, and follow-up sampling was performed the following year. Increased species richness, species emergence, and relative dominance of non-Phragmites taxa were used as measures of treatment success. We also examined treatment effects on Phragmites cover. Dimensionality of seedbank and soil properties was reduced using principal component analysis. With the exception of nitrogen, soil nutrients affected species establishment, non-Phragmites taxa dominance, and Phragmites cover. A more viable seedbank led to greater species emergence. Treatments had differential effects on diversity depending on elevation and resulting degree of hydrologic inundation. Whereas raking to remove dead Phragmites biomass was central to promoting species establishment in dry areas, spraying had a greater impact in continually inundated areas. For treatment success across elevations into the year following treatments, spraying in combination with cutting and raking had the greatest effect. The results of this study suggest that secondary treatments can produce a short-term benefit to the plant community in areas treated for Phragmites.
    Description
    This research was funded by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Flexible Funds. The collaboration between ONWR and USGS staff was integral to the success of this project. We especially thank Doug Brewer, Ron Huffman, and Kathy Huffman at ONWR, as well as Jaquie Craig and David Merkey, for their assistance in conducting the treatments. We also thank Jean Adams for statistical assistance and Jim Meeker, Noel Pavlovic, and anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. This article is Contribution 1529 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. The U.S. Geological Survey does not endorse specific names or products mentioned.
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