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dc.contributor.authorFaraone, Stephen V.
dc.contributor.authorBiederman, Joseph
dc.contributor.authorWozniak, Janet
dc.date.accessioned2021-07-30T15:24:55Z
dc.date.available2021-07-30T15:24:55Z
dc.date.issued2012-12
dc.identifier.issn0002-953X
dc.identifier.eissn1535-7228
dc.identifier.doi10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010087
dc.identifier.pii10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010087
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2016
dc.description.abstractObjective: The existence of comorbidity between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar I disorder has been documented in clinical and epidemiological studies, in studies of children and adults, and in diagnosed ADHD and bipolar I patient samples. Yet questions remain about the validity of diagnosing bipolar I disorder in ADHD youth. The authors aim to clarify these issues by reviewing family genetic studies of ADHD and bipolar I disorder. Method: The authors applied randomeffects meta-analysis to family genetic studies of ADHD and bipolar I disorder. Twenty bipolar proband studies provided 37 estimates of the prevalence of ADHD in 4,301 relatives of bipolar probands and 1,937 relatives of comparison probands. Seven ADHD proband studies provided 12 estimates of the prevalence of bipolar I disorder in 1,877 relatives of ADHD probands and 1,601 relatives of comparison probands. Results: These studies found a significantly higher prevalence of ADHD among relatives of bipolar probands and a significantly higher prevalence of bipolar I disorder among relatives of ADHD probands. These results could not be accounted for by publication biases, unusual results from any one observation, sample characteristics, or study design features. The authors found no evidence of heterogeneity in the ADHD or bipolar family studies. Conclusions: The results suggest that ADHD plus bipolar comorbidity cannot be accounted for by misdiagnoses, but additional research is needed to rule out artifactual sources of comorbidity. More research is also needed to determine whether comorbidity of ADHD and bipolar I disorder constitutes a familial subtype distinct from its constituent disorders, which if confirmed would have implications for diagnostic nosology and genetic studies.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAmerican Psychiatric Association Publishingen_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectPsychiatry and Mental healthen_US
dc.titleExamining the Comorbidity Between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Bipolar I Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Family Genetic Studiesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.source.journaltitleAmerican Journal of Psychiatryen_US
dc.source.volume169
dc.source.issue12
dc.source.beginpage1256
dc.source.endpage1266
dc.description.versionAMen_US
refterms.dateFOA2013-12-30T00:00:00Z
dc.description.institutionUpstate Medical Universityen_US
dc.description.departmentPsychiatryen_US
dc.description.degreelevelN/Aen_US


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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International