Show simple item record

dc.contributor.authorBanerjee, Tania Das
dc.contributor.authorMiddleton, Frank
dc.contributor.authorFaraone, Stephen V.
dc.date.accessioned2021-04-15T16:10:41Z
dc.date.available2021-04-15T16:10:41Z
dc.date.issued2007-06-15
dc.identifier.doiDOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00430.x
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/1692
dc.description.abstractAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common cognitive and behavioural disorder diagnosed among school children. It is characterized by deficient attention and problem solving, along with hyperactivity and difficulty withholding incorrect responses. This highly prevalent disorder is estimated to affect 5–10% of children and in many cases, persists into adulthood, leading to 4% prevalence among adults. Converging evidence from epidemiologic, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, genetic and treatment studies shows that ADHD is a valid medical disorder. The majority of studies performed to assess genetic risk factors in ADHD have supported a strong familial nature of this disorder. Family studies have identified a 2- to 8-fold increase in the risk for ADHD in parents and siblings of children with ADHD. Various twin and adoption studies have also highlighted the highly genetic nature of ADHD. In fact the mean heritability of ADHD was shown to be 0.77, which is comparable to other neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. However, several biological and environmental factors have also been proposed as risk factors for ADHD, including food additives/diet, lead contamination, cigarette and alcohol exposure, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and low birth weight. Many recent studies have specifically examined the relationships between ADHD and these extraneous factors. This review describes some of these possible risk factors.en_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherWileyen_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectADHD, environment, alcohol, nicotine, PCBen_US
dc.titleEnvironmental risk factors for attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorderen_US
dc.typeArticle/Reviewen_US
dc.source.journaltitleActa Pædiatricaen_US
refterms.dateFOA2008-06-15T00:00:00Z
dc.description.institutionUpstate Medical Universityen_US
dc.description.departmentPsychiatryen_US
dc.description.degreelevelN/Aen_US


This item appears in the following Collection(s)

Show simple item record

Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International