Impact of Physical Activity on Mental Health of College Students

Abstract

Mental health concerns among college students continue to rise, prompting investigation into physical activity as an intervention strategy. This synthesis examined the relationship between physical activity and mental health in college students, focusing on exercise intensity and mediating factors including sleep, social support, and resilience. The research questions addressed: (1) the relationship between physical activity and mental health in college students, (2) how intensity level of physical activity impacts mental health benefits, and (3) what mediating factors influence physical activity and mental health improvements. Ten peer-reviewed studies published between 2014-2024 were analyzed, involving 53,475 undergraduate students across multiple colleges or universities. Studies showed that regular exercise improved students' emotional intelligence and mental health, with higher-intensity physical activity demonstrating stronger benefits for reducing symptoms of depression. Moderate to vigorous physical activity, combining both aerobic and strength training, proved most effective, especially when performed in wellness centers where students could also build social connections. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for college wellness programs, suggesting the integration of varied exercise intensities while considering sleep quality, social support, and resilience as key factors in promoting student mental health.