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dc.contributor.authorHolmes, Laurens
dc.contributor.authorEnwere, Michael
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Janille
dc.contributor.authorOgundele, Benjamin
dc.contributor.authorChavan, Prachi
dc.contributor.authorPiccoli, Tatiana
dc.contributor.authorChinaka, Chinacherem
dc.contributor.authorComeaux, Camillia
dc.contributor.authorPelaez, Lavisha
dc.contributor.authorOkundaye, Osatohamwen
dc.contributor.authorStalnaker, Leslie
dc.contributor.authorKalle, Fanta
dc.contributor.authorDeepika, Keeti
dc.contributor.authorPhilipcien, Glen
dc.contributor.authorPoleon, Maura
dc.contributor.authorOgungbade, Gbadebo
dc.contributor.authorElmi, Hikma
dc.contributor.authorJohn, Valescia
dc.contributor.authorDabney, Kirk W.
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-27T16:53:26Z
dc.date.available2024-11-27T16:53:26Z
dc.date.issued2020-06-17
dc.identifier.citationHolmes L Jr, Enwere M, Williams J, Ogundele B, Chavan P, Piccoli T, Chinacherem C, Comeaux C, Pelaez L, Okundaye O, Stalnaker L, Kalle F, Deepika K, Philipcien G, Poleon M, Ogungbade G, Elmi H, John V, Dabney KW. Black-White Risk Differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) Transmission, Mortality and Case Fatality in the United States: Translational Epidemiologic Perspective and Challenges. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jun 17;17(12):4322. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124322. PMID: 32560363; PMCID: PMC7345143.en_US
dc.identifier.eissn1660-4601
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijerph17124322
dc.identifier.pmid32560363
dc.identifier.piiijerph17124322
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/15906
dc.description.abstractBackground: Social and health inequities predispose vulnerable populations to adverse morbidity and mortality outcomes of epidemics and pandemics. While racial disparities in cumulative incidence (CmI) and mortality from the influenza pandemics of 1918 and 2009 implicated Blacks with survival disadvantage relative to Whites in the United States, COVID-19 currently indicates comparable disparities. We aimed to: (a) assess COVID-19 CmI by race, (b) determine the Black-White case fatality (CF) and risk differentials, and (c) apply explanatory model for mortality risk differentials. Methods: COVID-19 data on confirmed cases and deaths by selective states health departments were assessed using a cross-sectional ecologic design. Chi-square was used for CF independence, while binomial regression model for the Black-White risk differentials. Results: The COVID-19 mortality CmI indicated Blacks/AA with 34% of the total mortality in the United States, albeit their 13% population size. The COVID-19 CF was higher among Blacks/AA relative to Whites; Maryland, (2.7% vs. 2.5%), Wisconsin (7.4% vs. 4.8%), Illinois (4.8% vs. 4.2%), Chicago (5.9% vs. 3.2%), Detroit (Michigan), 7.2% and St. John the Baptist Parish (Louisiana), 7.9%. Blacks/AA compared to Whites in Michigan were 15% more likely to die, CmI risk ratio (CmIRR) = 1.15, 95% CI, 1.01-1.32. Blacks/AA relative to Whites in Illinois were 13% more likely to die, CmIRR = 1.13, 95% CI, 0.93-1.39, while Blacks/AA compared to Whites in Wisconsin were 51% more likely to die, CmIRR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.10-2.10. In Chicago, Blacks/AA were more than twice as likely to die, CmIRR = 2.24, 95% CI, 1.36-3.88. Conclusion: Substantial racial/ethnic disparities are observed in COVID-19 CF and mortality with Blacks/AA disproportionately affected across the United States.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMDPI AGen_US
dc.relation.urlhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/12/4322en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectCOVID-19 (SARS-COV2)en_US
dc.subjectUnited Statesen_US
dc.subjectcase fatalityen_US
dc.subjecthealth disparitiesen_US
dc.subjectmortalityen_US
dc.subjectrace/ethnicityen_US
dc.titleBlack–White Risk Differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) Transmission, Mortality and Case Fatality in the United States: Translational Epidemiologic Perspective and Challengesen_US
dc.typeArticle/Reviewen_US
dc.source.journaltitleInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Healthen_US
dc.source.volume17
dc.source.issue12
dc.source.beginpage4322
dc.description.versionVoRen_US
refterms.dateFOA2024-11-27T16:53:27Z
dc.description.institutionSUNY Downstateen_US
dc.description.departmentEpidemiology and Biostatisticsen_US
dc.description.degreelevelN/Aen_US
dc.identifier.issue12en_US


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