Improving Wellbeing Using Third Place Theory and the Power of the Collective

Abstract

In this thesis, I first characterize the current crisis in wellbeing and discuss this crisis in the context of psychological theories of wellbeing: Self-Determination Theory, Social Identity Theory, and the Social Cure. These theories show how the current crisis in wellbeing may reflect rising isolation, poverty, discrimination, and rolelessness. I argue that while an individualistic approach to mental health, such as one-on-one therapy, may be able to address certain lifestyle changes and personal choices that can improve mental health, this approach is limited in its ability to treat the deeper threats to wellbeing that psychology suggests are the true underlying causes of the current crisis. I present a novel argument that "third places" (i.e., spaces outside of the home and workplace) can better address these underlying causes, thereby filling a gap in the current approach to mental health by unlocking the potential of a collectivistic approach. I discuss potential pathways through which third places have the power to improve and maintain wellbeing. These pathways include collective-determination, and collective efficacy. I also assert that home and workspaces are not spaces that protect or maintain wellbeing for many people. Marginalized communities are most at risk to suffer threats to wellbeing and stand to benefit from third places more than other groups. Finally, I offer recommendations for the field of psychology, namely that the field of psychology look outside its individualistic approach and to pay more attention to the potential of a collectivistic approach to mental health treatment and wellbeing. With increased attention to third place theory and collective approaches to wellbeing, psychology will be able to improve its approach to mental health and perhaps implement more third places in the real world.