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Federal Oversight of the America's Marine Highway Program in Response to the Mandates of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007The America’s Marine Highway Program is an initiative that seeks to ease traffic congestion in landside transportation corridors by moving freight from those highways and railroads to waterborne vessels that travel on nearby rivers and coasts. The program markets itself as an ambitious, national-scale initiative that seeks to drive economic growth and improve quality of life. Its genesis, however, is a three-page section of a 310-page Congressional act that provided for no funding and little oversight. Given this juxtaposition of good intentions and bureaucratic constraints, this paper will examine the historical context for commercial use of the nation’s inland waterway system, analyze the objectives and mechanics of the program in its current state, explore the government’s legal basis for engaging in such activities, and make specific recommendations for the program going forward.
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Ships as Sites of Memory: Collecting Maritime HistoryA poster presentation from Mid-Atlantic Regional Archives Conference (MARAC) October 7, 2021.
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The justification for federal assistance in emerging United States surface freight transportation modes: the case for America's Marine HighwaysThe United States Department of Transportation (DOT) and Maritime Administration (MARAD) developed America’s Marine Highway Program to minimize congested surface transportation conditions. A decade after its implementation, America’s Marine Highway Program continues to be an emerging freight transportation alternative. Historically, emerging United States surface freight transportation modes, i.e., the first transcontinental railroad and the Interstate Highway System, received legislation that appropriated significant levels of federal assistance during their nascent stage due to their high social rate of return; a high social rate of return was determined to range from 20 to 30 percent. This study argues that the justification for federal assistance in emerging United States surface freight transportation modes is based on their respective social rate of return. This study defends that the positive externalities associated with America’s Marine Highway Program, i.e., the social rate of return, justifies a similar level of initial federal startup support based on its benefits to United States national security.
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Maritime Cyber Risk Management Process: Case for American Liquefied Gas CarrierThe entwinement of shipboard traditional and cyber assets and the unique and potentially severe hazards of a liquefied gas carrier necessitate the need of the robust implementation of a shipboard cyber risk management process. Academic research on maritime cyber risk management lack an empirical research on a shipboard system in operation and a broader coverage of regulatory and commercial insights in formulating such process. This thesis aims to propose a shipboard cyber risk management process with broader technological, regulatory, and commercial perspectives in the maritime transportation of liquefied gas cargo. Case study methodology is applied to describe the formulation and implementation of a shipboard cyber risk management process. Interpretive data collection is conducted to identify and review key stakeholders on the cyber risk management of American liquefied gas carriers and their relevant resources. A baseline of references is proposed to formulate a shipboard cyber risk management process. For this purpose, the cyberspace and vulnerabilities of the maritime industry is reviewed to identify considerations originating from a cyber environment, the maritime industry, and a vessel. Case study was conducted by reviewing documents and observing a cargo handling system commissioned on a liquefied petroleum gas carrier in operation. Asset-based risk assessment is conducted to determine quantitative risk impact value of and cyber threats to critical equipment. The study demonstrates how the integration of traditional and cyber assets in a cargo handling system introduce cyber threats and aggravate physical threats. Results demonstrates how existing company and shipboard practices can be enhanced to improve shipboard cyber resilience.
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Residual Fuel Oil Market: Risks and Opportunities for the Maritime SectorThe Transportation Sector, and by extension, public and private oceangoing shipping, is on track to become effectively the only remaining consumer of residual fuel oil (RFO) over the next several years in the United States. This work examines this changing demand and analyzes implications for the shipping industry and refiners. It develops an RFO demand prediction model using multiple regression. It also makes recommendations for increasing efficiency in the marine bunkering supply chain - improving corporate efficiency is one approach to managing cost and risk in this changing marketplace.
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COVID-19 and the Fate of the Cruise Industry: A Holistic Answer to Regaining the Public's TrustThe cruise industry is facing a challenge that has never been seen before. The COVID-19 Pandemic has crippled a market that has been steadily growing for decades and, before this, showed no end in sight. As cruise lines halt operations, hemorrhage money, and call for loans just to stay in business, there also must be a complete shift in how these companies operate and vessels run in order to ensure viability. The general public has understood the risks of cruising since its inception, but this new era of uncommon hazards is changing their view to second guess safety and practicability of a vacation at sea. Patterns have begun to emerge where ship size, itinerary, common areas, and space ratios have all played an integral role in the spread of this pandemic onboard ships. Indications from the public have shown that they have little knowledge of how ships work and focus more on assumptions and grouping companies as a collective when assessing how safe the cruise market is. Since cruise companies tend to be merged together in the public's mind due to lack of understanding, the market as a whole needs to implement new strategies that are clearly visible to the public now and hidden from public view later on in order to create and maintain consumer confidence. The companies need to form a holistic approach to combat this spread and regain control of their industry. Presented in this thesis is evidence of a changing cruise industry landscape and strategies to better safeguard the market from the likelihood of this happening in the future. Additional research after implementation of the industry's new operating structures would be beneficial to improve on these findings.
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Teaching with Primary Sources: Reports from the Front LinesAs the pedagogical benefits of working with primary sources have become more well-known, archivists are increasingly serving as educators and interpreters of their collections. However, archivists often have little experience as educators, and must learn new skills to provide effective instruction. This presentation provides a mix of both theoretical discussion and practical lessons based on the author's experience at SUNY Maritime College.
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Analysis of the "Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease" Model for Congestion AvoidanceAs technology advances, network congestion avoidance becomes increasingly more important. For this project, we attempted to analyze and optimize the Additive Increase, Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) algorithm to gather data for our partner company. We created our own AIMD models and ran simulations to find and compare relevant data.
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A Study on the Northern Sea Route and its Economic FeasibilityFuture predictions support that Suez Canal will not be able to compensate the increasing size of ships that are used for trade between Asia and Europe. Relevant studies (Verny & Grigentin, 2009) also indicate that the economic growth of China is moving from the Southeast to the North. Therefore, alternative routes need to be considered in order to minimize transportation costs and satisfy demand of the traded containerized products between Northern Europe and Northern China. One of those alternative routes is considered to be Northern Sea Route (NSR). This research paper, thus, examines the economic feasibility of this route taking into account both the advantages and disadvantages that this route has to offer.
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More Matter for a May Morning: Evil May Day, 1517My seminar paper surveys accounts of Evil May Day from 1517 to The Play of Sir Thomas More (1603-04). It begins by analyzing contemporary accounts and chronicle histories. It then moves on to consider the ways in which the event has been understood by biographers as a seminal moment in the life of Thomas More. Shifting from the historical to the literary, it gestures towards the ways in which Utopia anticipates and attempts to make impossible events like Evil May Day, in large part because of Utopia's radical reimagining of the early modern calendar.. My general position is that time-reckoning is contested throughout the early modern period, and that it is both more malleable than traditionalists would allow, and more sticky than reformers would prefer. Evil May Day is an unusually potent symbol for social conflict and social cohesion, and an anniversary which lingered in early modern imaginations.
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Water-Quality Assessment of Two Slow-Moving Sandy-Bottom Sites on the Saw Mill River, New YorkWe selected 2 sites on the Saw Mill River and conducted biological assessments of water quality using macroinvertebrate composition. Assessment metrics used were: Shannon-Weiner diversity, evenness, species richness, Hilsenhoff biotic index (HBI), Ephemeroptera—Plecoptera—Trichoptera richness (EPT), and non-Chironomidae and Oligochaete (NCO) richness. Water temperature, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, and water flow and velocity were not significantly different across sites. Shannon-Weiner diversity values were 2.32 (evenness = 0.20) for Chappaqua and 2.68 (evenness = 0.31) for Hawthorne. Species and NCO richness for Chappaqua were 49 and 22, respectively, and for Hawthorne were 44 and 23, respectively. HBI was 7.99 for Chappaqua and 7.69 for Hawthorne. Both sites had equal EPT values of 5. Based on macroinvertebrate assessment indices, we classified water quality at these sites as non-impacted.
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Risk Sensitive Optimal Synchronization of Coupled Stochastic Neural Networks with Chaotic PhenomenaThis paper presents a new theoretical design of how an optimal synchronization is achieved for stochastic coupled neural networks with respect to a risk sensitive optimality criterion. The approach is rigorously developed by using the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, Lyapunov technique, and inverse optimality, to obtain a risk sensitive state feedback controller, which guarantees that the chaotic drive network synchronizes with the chaotic response network influenced by uncertain noise signals, with an eye on a given risk sensitivity parameter. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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Integrating Alternative Algorithms: Possibilities and PracticesThis article discusses reasons for learning alternative algorithms and the benefits of exposing preservice teachers to alternative algorithms. It presents two alternative multi-digit subtraction algorithm examples, includes perspectives from preservice teachers, and provides strategies for teachers and teacher educators to integrate alternative algorithms in classrooms.
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Technology and Virtualization of Educational ProcessThere are two methods to limit an individual’s perception of reality. The first is to place constraints on the physical environment and thus create conditions for the senses to convey the available information to the brain, excluding alternatives. This limitation in time establishes meanings derived from information stream, forming a unique perception of true reality. This case is similar to Plato’s allegory of men of the cave. The second method is to present virtual reality as reality. The second method is not far from the first, since the digital technology has given humanity the ability to project the image of reality on a screen creating a virtual environment where we have virtual friends and virtual theories which mimics true reality. The objective of this paper is to raise a number of questions regarding the process and purpose of education, positive and negative psychological imprints and effects on overall transformation of young generation of distant learning versus that of classical universities. The main focus of this paper is to draw analogies between men of the cave and men and women of the iPhone.
