The Vigorous Life: Physical Activity and the Hyperactive Student

Abstract

Abstract Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is one of the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Children with ADHD present with inattentiveness, hyperactivity/impulsivity, or a combination of both. Given the major symptoms of ADHD, children diagnosed with the disorder often struggle with school work. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the history of ADHD, the U.S. obesity epidemic, and the potential benefits of physical activity for children with ADHD. Design and Method: The research method is based on current literature regarding ADHD and physical activity. Journal articles and studies are reviewed and reported in the Results section. The research questions are: How can physical activity benefit children and adolescents with ADHD? How would an effective physical activity program for children and adolescents with ADHD be structured? Results: The significance of this study is that both ADHD and obesity rates in the U.S. are high and continuing to increase. The overwhelming majority of American schoolchildren do not meet the CDC’s recommended physical activity guidelines. The most common treatment method for ADHD is stimulant medication, but this is a short-term solution with unknown long-term effects. A wide range of types of physical activity is effective in treating ADHD, including yoga and martial arts, which provide additional benefits by employing “mindfulness”. Conclusions: Despite its wide range of benefits, physical activity is underemphasized in the United States. All schoolchildren, but particularly those with ADHD, need to be provided with many opportunities throughout the day to expel excess energy. Keywords: ADHD, benefits of physical activity, U.S. obesity epidemic, physical education