Downstate College of Medicinehttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/73572024-03-28T09:52:01Z2024-03-28T09:52:01ZA mechanism for deviance detection and contextual routing in the thalamus: a review and theoretical proposalVarela, CarmenMoreira, Joao V. S.Kocaoglu, BasakDura-Bernal, SalvadorAhmad, Subutaihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/147512024-03-28T06:06:35Z2024-02-29T00:00:00ZA mechanism for deviance detection and contextual routing in the thalamus: a review and theoretical proposal
Varela, Carmen; Moreira, Joao V. S.; Kocaoglu, Basak; Dura-Bernal, Salvador; Ahmad, Subutai
Predictive processing theories conceptualize neocortical feedback as conveying expectations and contextual attention signals derived from internal cortical models, playing an essential role in the perception and interpretation of sensory information. However, few predictive processing frameworks outline concrete mechanistic roles for the corticothalamic (CT) feedback from layer 6 (L6), despite the fact that the number of CT axons is an order of magnitude greater than that of feedforward thalamocortical (TC) axons. Here we review the functional architecture of CT circuits and propose a mechanism through which L6 could regulate thalamic firing modes (burst, tonic) to detect unexpected inputs. Using simulations in a model of a TC cell, we show how the CT feedback could support prediction-based input discrimination in TC cells by promoting burst firing. This type of CT control can enable the thalamic circuit to implement spatial and context selective attention mechanisms. The proposed mechanism generates specific experimentally testable hypotheses. We suggest that the L6 CT feedback allows the thalamus to detect deviance from predictions of internal cortical models, thereby supporting contextual attention and routing operations, a far more powerful role than traditionally assumed.
2024-02-29T00:00:00ZGeneration of three myotonic dystrophy type 1 patient iPSC lines (CBRCULi018-A, CBRCULi019-A, CBRCULi020-A) derived from lymphoblastoid cell lines for disease modelling and therapeutic researchPierre, MarionJauvin, DominicPuymirat, JackBoutjdir, MohamedChahine, Mohamedhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/147502024-03-28T06:06:28Z2024-04-01T00:00:00ZGeneration of three myotonic dystrophy type 1 patient iPSC lines (CBRCULi018-A, CBRCULi019-A, CBRCULi020-A) derived from lymphoblastoid cell lines for disease modelling and therapeutic research
Pierre, Marion; Jauvin, Dominic; Puymirat, Jack; Boutjdir, Mohamed; Chahine, Mohamed
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most prevalent adult-onset muscular dystrophy affecting 1 in 8,000 individuals. It is characterized by multisystemic symptoms, primarily myopathy. The root cause of DM1 is a heterozygous CTG triplet expansion beyond the normal size threshold in the non-coding region of the DM1 protein kinase gene (DMPK). In our study, we generated and characterized three distinct DM1 induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines with CTG repeat expansions ranging from 900 to 2000 in the DMPK gene. These iPSC lines maintained normal karyotypes, exhibited distinctive colony morphology, robustly expressed pluripotency markers, differentiated into the three primary germ layers, and lacked residual viral vectors.
2024-04-01T00:00:00ZExploiting Natural Language Processing to Unveil Topics and Trends of Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchKarabacak, MertJain, AnkitaJagtiani, PemlaHickman, Zachary L.Dams-O'Connor, KristenMargetis, Konstantinoshttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/147492024-03-28T06:06:20Z2024-03-01T00:00:00ZExploiting Natural Language Processing to Unveil Topics and Trends of Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Karabacak, Mert; Jain, Ankita; Jagtiani, Pemla; Hickman, Zachary L.; Dams-O'Connor, Kristen; Margetis, Konstantinos
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has evolved from a topic of relative obscurity to one of widespread scientific and lay interest. The scope and focus of TBI research have shifted, and research trends have changed in response to public and scientific interest. This study has two primary goals: first, to identify the predominant themes in TBI research; and second, to delineate "hot" and "cold" areas of interest by evaluating the current popularity or decline of these topics. Hot topics may be dwarfed in absolute numbers by other, larger TBI research areas but are rapidly gaining interest. Likewise, cold topics may present opportunities for researchers to revisit unanswered questions. We utilized BERTopic, an advanced natural language processing (NLP)-based technique, to analyze TBI research articles published since 1990. This approach facilitated the identification of key topics by extracting sets of distinctive keywords representative of each article's core themes. Using these topics' probabilities, we trained linear regression models to detect trends over time, recognizing topics that were gaining (hot) or losing (cold) relevance. Additionally, we conducted a specific analysis focusing on the trends observed in TBI research in the current decade (the 2020s). Our topic modeling analysis categorized 42,422 articles into 27 distinct topics. The 10 most frequently occurring topics were: "Rehabilitation," "Molecular Mechanisms of TBI," "Concussion," "Repetitive Head Impacts," "Surgical Interventions," "Biomarkers," "Intracranial Pressure," "Posttraumatic Neurodegeneration," "Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy," and "Blast Induced TBI," while our trend analysis indicated that the hottest topics of the current decade were "Genomics," "Sex Hormones," and "Diffusion Tensor Imaging," while the cooling topics were "Posttraumatic Sleep," "Sensory Functions," and "Hyperosmolar Therapies." This study highlights the dynamic nature of TBI research and underscores the shifting emphasis within the field. The findings from our analysis can aid in the identification of emerging topics of interest and areas where there is little new research reported. By utilizing NLP to effectively synthesize and analyze an extensive collection of TBI-related scholarly literature, we demonstrate the potential of machine learning techniques in understanding and guiding future research prospects. This approach sets the stage for similar analyses in other medical disciplines, offering profound insights and opportunities for further exploration.
2024-03-01T00:00:00ZAssessment of knowledge, practice and perception of menstruation among adult women in the reproductive age group, in Mangalore, IndiaKotian, Shashidhar M.Chaudhary, Vyom K.Mutya, Venkata S.Sekhon, Anurag S.Sriraman, SheetalPrasad, Prashastihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/147452024-03-26T03:14:12Z2017-09-23T00:00:00ZAssessment of knowledge, practice and perception of menstruation among adult women in the reproductive age group, in Mangalore, India
Kotian, Shashidhar M.; Chaudhary, Vyom K.; Mutya, Venkata S.; Sekhon, Anurag S.; Sriraman, Sheetal; Prasad, Prashasti
Background: Women often lack knowledge regarding reproductive health including menstruation which can be due to socio-cultural barriers in which they grow up. The present study is aimed at assessing the level of knowledge regarding menstruation and hygienic practices and perceptions during menstruation.
Methods: It was a cross sectional study, conducted among 110 adult women to assess their knowledge regarding menstruation, practices followed during menstruation and their perceptionof menstruation. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. 0. Chi square test was applied. P<0.05 was considered to be significant.
Results: Only 52% of the study population has satisfactory knowledge regarding menstruation. Women between 15 to 20 years of age and those from the middle and higher socio-economic groups seem to possess maximum knowledge regarding menstruation. Women of the higher socio-economic group practice better sanitary measures during menstruation with 100% of them using pads, as compared to women of lower socio economic group who showed a trend of using cloth (87.5%). Women of the upper socio-economic class (42.78%) had better perception towards menstruation (p<0.05).
Conclusions: It is very important that lower socio-economic group should be educated about the importance of maintaining hygiene during menstruation by proper health education and equip them with skills regarding safe and hygienic practices to prevent the risk for reproductive tract infections.
2017-09-23T00:00:00Z