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Pseudo-Random Number Generators: Why Would a Business Trust Its Profit to a Random Chance?

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Shablinsky, Irina R.
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Spring 2025
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2025
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Slot machines, a cornerstone of the gambling industry, utilize Pseudo-Random Number Generators to introduce an element of chance. This study explores the mathematical and computational underpinnings of PRNGs, specifically focusing on the Linear Congruential Generator and the Mersenne Twister, to understand their effectiveness in casino settings. While the Mersenne Twister has shown superior performance in statistical tests like the Die-Harder suite, the LCG, despite its shortcomings in these tests, still meets the functional requirements for slot machines. This highlights that for casino applications, the quality of randomness does not need to be strong. Instead, PRNGs are employed to balance unpredictability with the casino's need for profitability, demonstrating that even generators considered weak for other purposes can be highly effective in ensuring the house edge. This research explores the mechanisms of PRNGs in slot machines and how the casino industry leverages the balance between randomness and control to ensure profitability, providing insights into this complex balance. This research argues that casinos rely not on perfect randomness, but on controlled unpredictability to maintain profit.
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