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Non-Analog Behaviour of Eastern African Herbivore Communities During the Last Glacial Period

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Ecology Letters
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2025-01
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Abstract
Modern African ungulates navigate seasonal variation in resource availability through diet-switching (primarily mixed-feeders) and/or migrating (primarily grass grazers). These ecological generalizations are well-documented today, but the extent to which they apply to the non-analog ecosystems of the Pleistocene are unclear. Drawing from serially-sampled stable isotope measurements from 18 Kenyan large herbivore species from the Last Glacial Period (LGP), we evaluate how diet, diet-switching, and migration compare to observations from present-day settings. We find a higher grazing signal in most LGP species and a greater magnitude of diet-switching than in the present. Additionally, we find that the relationships between grass intake, migration, diet-switching, and body size during the LGP were unlike those observed today. This establishes a revised paleoecology of LGP herbivore communities and highlights that LGP herbivores were behaviorally non-analog. Our results imply that ecological observations from present-day settings offer an incomplete perspective of herbivore-environment interactions.
Citation
O'Brien, K., Ashioya, L. and Faith, J.T. (2025), Non-Analog Behaviour of Eastern African Herbivore Communities During the Last Glacial Period. Ecology Letters, 28: e70041. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.70041
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This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: O'Brien, K., Ashioya, L. and Faith, J.T. (2025), Non-Analog Behaviour of Eastern African Herbivore Communities During the Last Glacial Period. Ecology Letters, 28: e70041. , which has been published in final form at [https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.70041]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.
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