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Dysfunction of motor cortices in Parkinson’s disease
Chu, Hong-Yuan Smith, Yoland Lytton, William W Grafton, Scott Villalba, Rosa Masilamoni, Gunasingh Wichmann, Thomas
Chu, Hong-Yuan
Smith, Yoland
Lytton, William W
Grafton, Scott
Villalba, Rosa
Masilamoni, Gunasingh
Wichmann, Thomas
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Cerebral Cortex
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2024-07-26
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34
Publication Issue
7
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Abstract
The cerebral cortex has long been thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The impaired cortical function is believed to be a direct and immediate effect of pathologically patterned basal ganglia output, mediated to the cerebral cortex by way of the ventral motor thalamus. However, recent studies in humans with Parkinson's disease and in animal models of the disease have provided strong evidence suggesting that the involvement of the cerebral cortex is much broader than merely serving as a passive conduit for subcortical disturbances. In the present review, we discuss Parkinson's disease-related changes in frontal cortical motor regions, focusing on neuropathology, plasticity, changes in neurotransmission, and altered network interactions. We will also examine recent studies exploring the cortical circuits as potential targets for neuromodulation to treat Parkinson's disease.
Citation
Chu HY, Smith Y, Lytton WW, Grafton S, Villalba R, Masilamoni G, Wichmann T. Dysfunction of motor cortices in Parkinson's disease. Cereb Cortex. 2024 Jul 3;34(7):bhae294. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhae294. PMID: 39066504; PMCID: PMC11281850.